Capturing dynamic phage–pathogen coevolution by clinical surveillance - Nature

Nature, Published online: 11 March 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10136-zThe acquisition of a parasitic anti-phage mobile genetic element, PLE11, showing potent anti-phage activity against cocirculating ICP1, and the subsequent evolution of ICP1 to escape this defense, are captured, revealing the molecular basis of the natural selection of a globally notable pathogen and its virus.